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Finite and Nonfinite Verbs

Finite verb :

The finite forms of a verb are the forms where the verb shows tense, person or number. Non-finite verb forms have no person or number, but some types can show tense.

• Finite verb forms include: I go, she goes, he went
• Non-finite verb forms include :  to go, going, gone 

A finite verb is a verb that is inflected for person and for tense according to the rules and categories of the languages in which it occurs. Finite verbs can form independent clauses, which can stand on their own as complete sentences.

Example of finite verb :

• I walked, they walk, and she walk

Non-finite verb :

A verb has no subject, tense, or number. The only finite verb forms are the infinitive (indicated by to), the gerund or the participle (present/past), nonfinite verbs must ordinarily combine with a modal , an auxiliary verb, or the infinitival particle to. 

Example of nonfinite verb :

• I travelled to Germany to improve to German.

Preposition in, or, at

The prepositions in, on, and at can be used to indicate time and place. Notice how they are used in the following situations:

We use:

• At  for a PRECISE TIME
• In  for MONTHS, YEARS, CENTURIES and LONG PERIODS
• On  for DAYS and DATES

Look at these examples :

• I have a meeting at 9am.
• The shop closes at midnight.
• Jane went home at lunchtime.
• In England, it often snows in December.
• Do you think we will go to Jupiter in the future?
• There should be a lot of progress in the next century.
• Do you work on Mondays?
• Her birthday is on 20 November.
• Where will you be on New Year’s Day?

Notice the use of the preposition of time at in the following standard expressions:

Expression	Example
at night	The stars shine at night.
at the weekend	I don’t usually work at the weekend.
at Christmas/Easter	I stay with my family at Christmas.
at the same time	We finished the test at the same time.
at present	He’s not home at present. Try later.

Notice the use of the prepositions of time in and on in these common expressions :

in	On
in the morning	on Tuesday morning
in the mornings	on Saturday mornings
in the afternoon(s)	on Sunday afternoons
in the evening(s)	on Monday evening

When we say last, next, every, this we do not also use at, in, on. :

• I went to London last June. (not in last June)
• He’s coming back next Tuesday. (not on next Tuesday)
• I go home every Easter. (not at every Easter)
• We’ll call you this evening. (not in this evening)

Sample sentences :

I met my wife at the theater. (while watching a movie) I spilled my drink in the theater (on the floor of the building) She works at the library on Wednesdays. She found a rare coin in the library (building). Dr. Jones works at the hospital every day. John was in the hospital for a week with a broken leg.

For school, prison, and church, the is used to indicate the building. No article indicates
the general situation. Note the following:

"practice"/situation	building
in school (studying, listening to teacher, etc.)	in the school (building)
in jail/prison (staying there as a criminal)	in the jail/prison (temporary)
in church (praying, listening to a sermon, etc.)	in the church (building)

Vocab Around the House

         Vocabulary around the house is an situation when we use english for everday in our hole life and we spelled the grammar well. Begin in our daily life at home e.g. with our parents,friends,bro,sister,grandpa,grandma,or maybe with your teachers? then, your neighboor,your lab partner,etc. I don't know how to explain it well, but i would share to you about something I know or just give you an idea foR the bassicly english. make your head stay cool.

Things you may find around the house :

• Light bulb(s)
• Plug(s)
• Socket(s)
• Torch(es)
• Ceiling light(s)
• Lamp(s)
• Curtain(s)
• Shelf (shelves)
• Telephone(s)
• Box(es)
• Plug(s)
• Battery (batteries)
• Photo(graph)(s)

Living Room :

• Living Room
• Settee(s)
• Armchair(s)
• Coffee table(s)
• Display cabinet(s)
• Hifi stand(s)
• TV cabinet(s)
• Television(s) / tv(s)
• Hifi(s)
• Speaker(s)
• Cushion(s)
• Rug(s)

Things we do in the Living Room :


* People watch TV in the living room.
* People sit and read a book in the living room.
* People listen to music in the living room.

Bedroom :

• Bed(s)
•  Bedside cabinet(s)
• Bedside table(s)
• Dressing table(s)
• Wardrobe(s)
• Chest of drawer(s)
• Brush(es)
• Comb(s)
• Hair dryer(s)
• Pillow(s)
• Sheet(s)
• Clothes

Things we do in the Bed Room : 


* People listen to music in the bedroom.
* People sleep in the bedroom.
* People get dressed or undressed in the bedroom.

Kitchen :

• Table(s)
• Chair(s)
• Bin(s)
• Cooker(s) / oven(s)
• Microwave (oven)(s)
• fridge(s)
• dishwasher(s)
• Tap(s)
• Coffee maker(s)
• Food mixer(s)
• Coffee maker(s)
• Food mixer(s)
• Liquidizer(s)
• Saucepan(s)
• Frying pan(s)
• sieve(s)
• Kettle(s)
• Teapot(s)

Things we do in the Kitchen

* People prepare food in the kitchen.

* People cook in the kitchen.

* People sometimes eat in the kitchen.

* People make coffee or tea in the kitchen.

* People put the food away in the kitchen cupboards.

Bathroom :

• Chair(s)
• Basin(s)
• Bath(s)
• Toilet(s)
• Toilet roll(s)
• Toilet brush(es)
• hairdryer (hairdryers)
• toothbrush(es)
• Shaving foam razor(s)
• Toilet seat(s)

Things we do in the Bed Room
* People get dressed or undressed in the bathroom.

* People have a shave in the bathroom.
* People brush their teeth in the bathroom.
* People take a shower in the bathroom.
* People have a bath in the bathroom.



Other Rooms:
Attic                                     : People store things in the attic.
Ballroom                              : A room in stately homes where rich people dance and concerts are held.
Box Room                            : A small room used for storage.
Cellar                                   : Underneath the house.
Cloakroom                           : A small room where people put their coats.
Conservatory                       : A greenhouse attached to a house for the display of plants.
Dining Room                       : A room where people eat.
Drawing Room                    : A room in stately homes where rich people entertain.
Games Room                       : A room in large houses where games are played.
Hall                                      : The entrance passage to a house.
Larder                                  : A small room used for the storage of food.
Library                                 : A room where books are kept.
Lounge                                 : Another name for living room.
Music Room                        : A room where people play music.
Office Room                        : A room where people work.
Pantry                                  : A small room used to store kitchen and dining items.
Parlor                                   : Old fashioned word for living room.
Sitting Room                       : Another name for living room.
Guest Room                         : A room where guests sleep.
Toilet                                    : A room where people go to the toilet (often known as WC)
Utility Room                        : A room where appliances such as washing machines are use

Asking if Someone Remembers or Not

1. Formal expressions

• I wonder if you remember ….
• You remember ...., don’t you?
• You haven’t forgotten ...., have you?
• Don’t you remember ....?
• Do you happen to remember it now?

Ways to respond :

• Let me think, yes, I remember.
• I remember especially the scenery.
• I’ll never forget that
• I’ll always remember.
• I can remember it clearly.

2. Informal expressions :

• Remember the old house we used to live in?
• Remember that?
• I’m sorry I don’t remember

Ways to respond :

• Hold on. Yes, got it!
• I know.....
• It’s coming back to me now.

Respond if you forget : 

• Sorry, I’ve completely forgotten.
• I’m afraid I forget.
• I really can’t remember.
• I’m afraid I have no memory of him
• Emmm, let me think. No, it’s gone.
• Sorry, it slipped off my mind.

Example :

It was Sunday morning, Nia got dressed and had breakfast quickly. She was ready to leave for school. Her mother was a little puzzled.

Mother    : Hey...hey.... are you going to school?
Iin           : Yes, Mom. I overslept. I’m in a hurry
Mother    : You remember Sunday, don’t you?
Iin           : Oh, my goodness. I thought it’s a school day !

Offering

Meaning :

1. The act of making an offer.

2. Something, such as stock, that is offered.

3. A presentation made to a deity as an act of religious worship or sacrifice; an oblation.

4. A contribution or gift, especially one made at a religious service.

Offering may refer to :

* Offering, a collection of donations during religious worship, see alms, tithe or charity
* Offering, a religious sacrifice of plant, animal or human life
* Offering (Buddhism), a part of devotional practice
* Securities offering, a discrete round of investment, usually regulated in the United States by the Securities Act of 1933

Offering to older people :

• Would you like a cup of coffee, Mr. Green?
• Should I get you a bottle of water?
• Could I offer you a glass of lemonade, Mrs. Lina?
• Would you care for some salad ?

Offering to friends:
• Want some?
• Have some.
• Chocolate?
• Glass of lemonade?
• Grab some for yourself.
• Would you like to have a pancake?
• Why don’t you have some lemonade?
• What can I get for you?
• What will you have?



Accepting an offer :

• Thank you
• Yes, please
• I’d like it very much
• Thank you, I would
• That would be very nice



Declining an offer :

• No, thanks.
• No, I really won’t. Thank you.
• Not for me, thanks.
• No, thanks. I’m not hungry.

 Ways to say it :

 Would you like a cup of coffee, Mr. Rifky?
 Should I get you a bottle of water?
 Could I offer you a glass of milk, Mr. Egar?
 Would you care some salad?

 Less formal expressions :

 Would you like to have a pancake?
 Why don't you have some lemonade?
 What can I get for you?
 What will you have?

Simple Future Tense Will and Going to

Meaning :

Simple future is used for describing job or action that will happened in the future. Simple future has two different forms in English: “will” and “be going to”. " Although the two forms can sometimes be used interchangeably, they often express two very different meanings. These different meanings might seem too abstract at first, but with time and practice, the differences will become clear. Both "will" and "be going to" refer to a specific time in the future.

Form Will :

[will + verb]

Examples:

• You will help him later.
• Will you help him later?
• You will not help him later. 

Form Be Going To :

[am/is/are + going to + verb]

Examples :

•  You are going to meet Jane tonight.
• Are you going to meet Jane tonight?
• You are not going to meet Jane tonight.

Use 1 "Will" to Express a Voluntary Action :

"Will" often suggests that a speaker will do something voluntarily. A voluntary action is one the speaker offers to do for someone else. Often, we use "will" to respond to someone else's complaint or request for help. We also use "will" when we request that someone help us or volunteer to do something for us. Similarly, we use "will not" or "won't" when we refuse to voluntarily do something.

Examples :

• I will send you the information when I get it.
• I will translate the email, so Mr. Smith can read it.
• Will you help me move this heavy table?
• Will you make dinner?
• I will not do your homework for you.
• I won't do all the housework myself!

A: I'm really hungry.
B: I'll make some sandwiches.
A: I'm so tired. I'm about to fall asleep.
B: I'll get you some coffee.
A: The phone is ringing.
B: I'll get it.



Use 2 "Will" to Express a Promise :

"Will" is usually used in promises.

Examples:

•  I will call you when I arrive.
• If I am elected President of the United States, I will make sure everyone has access to inexpensive health insurance.
• I promise I will not tell him about the surprise party.
• Don't worry, I'll be careful.
• I won't tell anyone your secret.

Use 3 "Be going to" to Express a Plan :

"Be going to" expresses that something is a plan. It expresses the idea that a person intends to do something in the future. It does not matter whether the plan is realistic or not.

Examples:

• He is going to spend his vacation in Hawaii.
• She is not going to spend her vacation in Hawaii.  
• I'm going to be an actor when I grow up.
• Michelle is going to begin medical school next year.
• They are going to drive all the way to Alaska.
• Who are you going to invite to the party?

A: When are we going to meet each other tonight?
B: We are going to meet at 6 PM.
A: Who is going to make John's birthday cake?
B: Sue is going to make John's birthday cake.



USE 4 "Will" or "Be Going to" to Express a Prediction :

Both "will" and "be going to" can express the idea of a general prediction about the future. Predictions are guesses about what might happen in the future. In "prediction" sentences, the subject usually has little control over the future and therefore USES 1-3 do not apply. In the following examples, there is no difference in meaning.

Examples:

* The year 2222 will be a very interesting year.
* The year 2222 is going to be a very interesting year.

* John Smith will be the next President.
* John Smith is going to be the next President.

* The movie "Zenith" will win several Academy Awards.
* The movie "Zenith" is going to win several Academy Awards.



Important :

In the Simple Future, it is not always clear which USE the speaker has in mind. Often, there is more than one way to interpret a sentence's meaning.
No Future in Time Clauses

Like all future forms, the Simple Future cannot be used in clauses beginning with time expressions such as: when, while, before, after, by the time, as soon as, if, unless, etc. Instead of Simple Future, Simple Present is used.

Examples:

• When you will arrive tonight, we will go out for dinner. Not Correct
• When you arrive tonight, we will go out for dinner. Correct

ADVERB PLACEMENT :

The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.

Examples:

* You will never help him.
* Will you ever help him?

* You are never going to meet Jane.
* Are you ever going to meet Jane?



ACTIVE / PASSIVE :

Examples:

* John will finish the work by 5:00 PM. Active
* The work will be finished by 5:00 PM. Passive

* Sally is going to make a beautiful dinner tonight. Active
* A beautiful dinner is going to be made by Sally tonight. Passive